Costing Materials: FIFO Method (Periodic)

Here is what I've understood from my Cost Accounting Teacher.
Costing Materials using First in First Out (FIFO) Method Periodic.

From the word itself, the first items that will come in (or purchased) , will be the first item that will be issued (or used) when there would be an issuance of materials.

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING SITUATION:

Using the periodic method, we are going to compute for the total units at the end of the month by deducting the total units purchased and total units issued:

Total units purchased of 1700 is computed by adding the beginning inventory and all the purchases:
400 units+600 units+300 units+400 units
Total Units Issued is computed by adding all the issued units:
500 units+200 units+400units

Second, we will compute for the ending inventory:

Now this would be the bloody part of the explanation. :))
Okay. As mentioned earlier,the first items that came in (or were purchased) will be first to be issued (or used). Please bear with my explanation. :))
Please refer to the given situation.

On Aug.01, you have 400units@P10, and on Aug.12, purchases of 600units@P12.
On Aug16, you issued 500 units.
So from the concept of FIFO Method, to issue that 500units, you will use first the 400units(Aug.01)@P10. Your beginning inventory then of 400units will be used up. So to issue the remaining 100units (to complete the 500 units that has to be issued), we are going get that from the 600units@P12(Aug.12). Now you have a remaining 500 units@P12(Aug.12).
On Aug.18, you purchased 300units@15.
And then, on Aug.20, you issued 200units. To issue this,you must get it from the 500units@P12(Aug.12). And so, you have now 300units@P12(500u-200u)remaining, and another 300units@P15(Aug.18).
On Aug.25,you purchased 400units@P14. So now you have 300 units@12(Aug.12),300units@P15 (Aug.18) and 400units@P14(Aug.25).
On Aug.28,you issued 400units. To issue this, you will use the 300 units@P12(Aug.12) first. And then the remaining 100 units@P15(to complete the 400 units that has to be issued) will be issued using the 300units@15(Aug.18).
Now,you have a remaining 200 units@P15(300u-100u)(Aug.18) and 400units@P14(Aug.25) on hand.

I hope I made you understand that. :)) Maybe if you will refer to the perpetual table below, you will get what I'm talking about. :))

COMPUTING FOR THE ENDING INVENTORY
Remember we first computed the total units at the end of the month which is 600 units?
To compute for the ending inventory:
We will use first the 200 units at P15(Aug.18), then 400 units at P14 (Aug.25) And that would be:

And then we compute for the cost of materials issued/ used:

Total purchases is computed as 600 units+300 units+400 units

And there you have it, FIFO Method Periodic!!!!
Yey!!
Did I help you somehow??? ♥

Costing Materials: FIFO Method Perpetual

Now let's use the Perpetual FIFO Method using the same situation given above. Let's see if we can compute for the same ending inventory, cost of materials issued/used, and total units at the end of the month.

The explanation I can give would be the same as that of stated above:
On Aug.01, you have 400units@P10, and on Aug.12, purchases of 600units@P12.
On Aug16, you issued 500 units.
So from the concept of FIFO Method, to issue that 500units, you will use first the 400units(Aug.01)@P10. Your beginning inventory then of 400units will be used up. So to issue the remaining 100units (to complete the 500 units that has to be issued), we are going get that from the 600units@P12(Aug.12). Now you have a remaining 500 units@P12(Aug.12).
On Aug.18, you purchased 300units@15.
And then, on Aug.20, you issued 200units. To issue this,you must get it from the 500units@P12(Aug.12). And so, you have now 300units@P12(500u-200u)remaining, and another 300units@P15(Aug.18).
On Aug.25,you purchased 400units@P14. So now you have 300 units@12(Aug.12),300units@P15 (Aug.18) and 400units@P14(Aug.25).
On Aug.28,you issued 400units. To issue this, you will use the 300 units@P12(Aug.12) first. And then the remaining 100 units@P15(to complete the 400 units that has to be issued) will be issued using the 300units@15(Aug.18).
Now,you have a remaining 200 units@P15(300u-100u)(Aug.18) and 400units@P14(Aug.25) on hand.
The 200 and 400 units (a total of 600 units) will be your total units at the end of the month.
And then with its corresponding prices, a total of P8,600 will be your ending inventory.
Your Cost of Materials Issued/Used is summed up and we will get P12,700.

And there you have it! Perpetual FIFO Method.
See, we were able to compute for the same values of ending inventory, cost of materials issued/used, and total units at the end of the month..
Did I help you somehow?? ♥

SAMPLE COMPUTATION FOR SHAREHOLDER'S EQUITY

LIST OF NON CURRENT LIABILITIES

NON CURRENT LIABILITIES
1. Noncurrent portion of long term debt
2. Finance lease liability
3. Deferred tax liability
4. Long term obligations to entity officers
5. Long term deferred revenue

________

• Debt obligations for borrowed funds --- notes, mortgages, and bonds payable
• Covenants--- if there is a breach of covenants, the liability becomes payable in demand and therefore considered a current liability. However, the liability is classified as noncurrent if the lender has agreed on or before the end of the reporting period to provide a grace period ending at least 12 months after that date.
• Refinancing on or before the end of reporting period

LIST OF CURRENT LIABILITIES

CURRENT LIABILITIES
1. Trade and other payables
2. Current provisions
3. Short term borrowings
4. Current portion of a long term debt
5. Current tax liability

Examples of Current Liabilities
• Accounts payable
• Notes payable
• Accrued interest on notes payable
• Income tax payable
• Dividends payable (not stock dividends) declared but not paid
• Accrued expenses
• Customer’s credit balances (not offset against accounts receivable)
• Accruals for employees ( salaries, wages, interest)
• Other operating costs
• Liabilities that are due for settlement within 12 months
• Bank overdraft
• Current portion of long term/noncurrent portion of financial liability
• Premium on bonds payable
• Refinancing after the end of reporting period and before the financial statement is authorized for issuance
• Amounts withheld for employees or other parties for taxes, and for contributions to SSS or to pension funds.
• Deposits and advances from customers, officers and shareholders
• Unearned Revenue (deferred revenue)
• Unearned Rent Income
• Provisions --- Premium, award points, court case, warranties, gift certificate, abandonment cost, bonus, guarantee

LIST OF NON CURRENT ASSETS

NON CURRENT ASSETS
1. Plant, Property and Equipment (less its accumulated depreciation)
2. Long-term investments
3. Intangible Assets
4. Other Noncurrent Assets

Plant, Property and Equipment
• Land
• Building
• Machinery
• Office Equipment
• Tools and book plates
• Ship
• Aircraft
• Motor vehicle
• Pattern, mold, and dies
• Furniture and fixtures
Not included: biological assets, mineral rights, land held for sale and land for undetermined use

Long term Investments
• Interest royalties
• Dividends/rentals
• Capital appreciation
• Investment in securities (shares, bonds, and debt instruments)
• Investment in subsidiaries, associates, funds
• Investment property
• Cash surrender value o life insurance
• Investment in joint venture
• Advances to affiliates, suppliers, employees and officers
• Preference share redemption fund
• Sinking fund
• Contingent fund
• Insurance fund
• Fund for acquisition of plant, property and equipment

Intangible Assets
• Patent
• Franchise
• Copyright
• Lease rights
• Trademark
• Computer software

Unidentifiable current intangible assets: GOODWILL

Other noncurrent assets
• Long term advances to officers, directors, shareholders and employees
• Abandoned property
• Long term refundable funds

LIST OF CURRENT ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

• Cash and Cash Equivalents
• Financial Assets
• Trade and other Receivables
• Inventories
• Prepaid Expenses

Cash

• Checks
• Bank drafts
• Money order

Cash Equivalents
• Three-month BSP treasury bill
• Three-year BSP treasury bill purchased three months before date of maturity
• Three-month time deposit
• Three –month money market instrument
• Preference shares with specified redemption date and acquired three months before redemption date

Such investments in time deposit, money market instruments and treasury bills should be classified as follows:
• If the term is three months or less --- included in cash and cash equivalents
• If the term is more than three months but less than a year --- classified as short-term financial assets/temporary investments and presented separately as current assets.
• If the term is more than a year --- classified as noncurrent or long term investments. But if due within a year from the end of the reporting period, they are classified as short term financial assets or temporary investments.

Cash Funds for certain purposes
Included in the current assets if set aside for use in current operations or for the payment of current obligations:
• Petty cash fund
• Payroll fund
• Travel fund
• Interest fund
• Dividend fund
• Tax fund

The following are presented as Long term Investments if the cash fund is set aside for noncurrent purposes or for settlement of noncurrent obligations.

• Sinking fund
• Redemption fund
• Preference share redemption fund
• Contingent fund
• Insurance fund
• Fund for acquisition of Plant, Property and Equipment


Accounts Receivables

• Accounts Receivable (may it be assigned or unassigned)
• Notes Receivable
• Accrued Interest on Notes Receivable
• Advances to officers and employees
• Dividends Receivable
• Allowance for doubtful accounts (less)
• Notes Receivable discounted (less)
• Creditor’s debit balance (not offset against notes payable)
• Special deposits on contract bids (current if collectible currently; noncurrent if not currently collectible)
• Accrued Income/ Accrued Revenue : dividends receivable, accrued rent income, accrued royalties, accrued interest on bond, claims
• Receivable from employees

Inventories
• Merchandising purchased
• Land or property held for sale
• Finished goods, goods in process, materials and supplies awaiting for use in production
• Cost of service
• Factory Supplies
• Goods owned and on hand
• Goods in transit and sold FOB destination
• Goods in transit and purchased FOB shipping point
• Goods out on consignment: included in the consignor ( owner); excluded in the consignee
• Goods in hand of salesmen or agents
• Goods held by customers on approval or on trial
• Goods sold on installment--- included in the buyer; excluded in the seller

Prepaid Expenses
• Office supplies unused
• Prepaid insurance
• Prepaid taxes

i am not saying that this is complete..i hope this could help you..
if there are any corrections, feel free to inform me so i can correct it.
if i discover something new.. i'll just add that to this..